Design Principles | Task 1 : Exploration
02/02/2026 - 24/02/2026 (Week 1 - Week 4)
Yong Xiao Tong / 0368290
Design Principles / Bachelor of Design (Honours) in Creative Media
Task 1 : Exploration
Instructions
Task 1
In this task, I will explain each design principle with visual examples. I will also choose a design work that interests me, explain why I chose it, and identify the design principles used.
Describe design principle:
- Gestalt theory
Gestalt theory is about how people naturally see and understand what they look at. Instead of noticing each part separately, we usually see the whole picture first. Our brain groups things in certain ways, including:
a. Principle of Similarity
Things that look alike are seen as related.
b. Principle of Proximity
Things that are close together are seen as belonging together.
https://www.nytimes.com/international/
c. Principle of Closure
Our mind fills in missing parts to see a complete shape.
d. Principle of Continuation
We tend to follow lines or patterns smoothly.
https://dribbble.com/shots/13920378-Way
e. Principle of Figure/Ground
We can tell what is the main object and what is the background.
https://www.dutchuncle.co.uk/noma-bar?itemId=zngruz4uyyx06zn5gdhgld7jndscn8
f. Law of Symmetry & Order
We see simple, balanced shapes rather than complex ones.
https://george-greaves.tumblr.com/image/163600916834
All these make it easier to understand how different parts belong together and make the overall image clearer. - Contrast
Contrast means showing differences in a design so things stand out. This can be done with colour, size, shape, or text style. Contrast helps important information be noticed and makes designs easier to look at. Without contrast, everything can look the same and confusing.
https://www.wmagazine.com/culture/tilda-swinton-the-room-next-door-cover-interview - Emphasis
Emphasis is used to make the most important part stand out. This can happen by making something bigger, brighter, or putting it in a spot that is easy to notice. It helps people know what to look at first and makes the main message clear.
https://www.papermag.com/madison-beer-cover-story-paper#rebelltitem1 - Balance
Balance is about arranging elements in a design so it feels stable and even. It happens when visual weight is distributed so one side does not feel heavier than the other. Balance can be symmetrical (both sides are equal), asymmetrical (different but still balanced), or radial (arranged around a central point).
https://pin.it/7iwpiwtYR - Repetition
Repetition is used to create consistency in a design. It happens when colours, shapes, lines, or fonts are repeated throughout the layout. Repetition helps connect different parts of the design and makes it feel organised and unified.
https://pin.it/2D9C9J19w - Movement
Movement is used to guide the viewer’s eyes through a design. This can be done by arranging lines, shapes, and space to create a visual flow. It helps direct attention from one area to another and makes the design feel more dynamic.
https://pin.it/2jymBmRnf - Harmony & Unity
Harmony and unity make a design feel complete and connected. Harmony happens when elements share similar styles, colours, or shapes. Unity is created when all parts work together as one whole, making the design look consistent and clear.
https://www.instagram.com/p/DCzTHa1NgRO/ - Symbol
A symbol is an image or sign that represents a bigger idea or meaning. It helps communicate a message quickly without using many words. Symbols make information easier to understand at a glance.
https://www.olympics.com/en/milano-cortina-2026/sports/figure-skating - Word and Image
Word and image refer to how text and visuals work together in a design. Words provide clear information, while images add meaning and emotion. When combined effectively, they strengthen the message and make it easier to understand.
https://www.olympics.com/en/milano-cortina-2026
Chosen Artwork
 |
| Title: Bataille sous l'étoile Artist: Jean Mallard Year: 2024 Media: Watercolour on paper Source: https://www.instagram.com/p/C19_EBEtSOO/ |
The artwork I chose is "Bataille sous l’étoile" by Jean Mallard, created in 2024. I have been following his work on Instagram and greatly admire his distinctive watercolour illustration style. His artworks often resemble detailed storybook scenes, combining soft colour palettes with intricate compositions. I appreciate how he uses watercolour to create atmosphere and depth while maintaining clarity and structure within the overall composition.
Among his many pieces, this artwork stood out to me because it connects with my interest in fantasy and fairy tale narratives. I have always enjoyed Disney princess stories, and the castle immediately reminds me of that magical world. The blue-purple sky, the distant castle, and the small figures engaged in battle create a strong sense of storytelling. The contrast between the calm castle above and the dynamic action below makes the composition visually engaging. Additionally, I think the placement of the trees in the foreground frames the scene and positions the viewer as if they are observing the battle from a hidden perspective. This really creates a strong sense of depth and immersion, making me feel like a quiet witness to the unfolding event.
Design principles I observed in this artwork:
Design principles I observed in this artwork:
- Contrast – Blue-purple sky against dark foreground trees creates strong visual separation.
- Emphasis – The single shining star stands out because it is the only bright element in the sky.
- Balance – The composition is symmetrically structured, with the castle centered and trees framing both sides.
- Repetition – Repeated small warrior figures, swords, flags, and architectural arches create visual consistency.
- Movement – Running horses, and gestures guide the viewer’s eye across the battlefield.
- Harmony & Unity – A consistent cool colour palette and cohesive watercolour style unify the entire scene.
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